By Marianne S. Ulriksen, Associate Professor, Danish Center for Welfare Studies, University of Southern Denmark
Statement
– What pushes people to migrate? Unsustainable livelihoods, discrimination, conflict.
– What makes people stay? Income security, tolerance, peace.
We live at a time with a myriad of crises, and it is easy to overlook the role of redistributive welfare states in pre-empting and addressing crises. At a time when the welfare state itself is oftentimes criticised, it may seem paradoxical that one should turn to domestic social policies as pertinent solutions for international instabilities. But countries with inclusive and democratic policies and institutions fare a better chance to counter rising polarization, inequities, mistrust, conflict, and despair.
Myths about redistributive welfare states – not supported by research evidence
– ”Economic growth trickles down to the poor.” Research shows that this depends on what drives growth: only economic development driven by decent and productive jobs in non-extractive sectors has this effect.
– “Economic and fiscal policy take priority over expensive social policies.” The reality is that social and economic policies can complement each other, because social policies are investments in people that are the ultimate drivers of a sound economy.
– “High taxes scare companies and people away.” While this could be true, we must remember taxes can be used for social investments and redistribution. Countries with high levels of inequality face more insecurity and crime, which affect the rich as well.
– “Social policy is a luxury for rich countries.” We have plenty of evidence of low-income countries that successfully introduced social policies that positively influence livelihoods; and policies can be scaled up with greater affordability.
– “It is better to focus on poverty targeted programmes.” Might sound reasonable, but such programmes, while helping recipients, rarely become part of an inclusive policy regime. Social policies including both low- and middle-income groups fare better: social benefits rely on taxes, and taxpayers want to receive something in return.
– “Low unemployment levels are always great.” Generally true but depends on what is behind the statistics. It is not so great if numbers conceal actual informality of work, or if numbers reflect people needing three jobs to survive.
– “Young women get pregnant to get child support and then squander it away.” An unfortunate trope too often repeated. The research evidence shows that on average social policy recipients use the resources sensibly.
– “Migration is a one-way journey.” Many migrants maintain strong ties to their home countries and often dream of returning. However, perceptions of limited development and opportunity back home can deter them. Strategic investments in social and public policy can help shift these perceptions and encourage return migration.
What to do?
Let’s bring back in a modern, investment-oriented and caring the welfare state! Let’s discuss and find solutions that benefit everyone. A first step is to follow and contribute to the World Summit for Social Development.